According to the evidence of archaeological excavations - games related to the movement of pieces on the board, were known in 3-4 centuries. BC. er.
The earliest form of chess - a game Chaturanga military - appeared in the first century BC. In India Chaturanga system called troops, which included chariots (Ratha), war elephant (Gajah), cavalry (Ashva) and footmen (Padati). The game symbolized the battle between four kinds of troops, led by the marshal. They were located in the corners of a 64-square board (Ashtapada), in a game attended by 4 people. The movement of figures was determined by throwing dice. Chaturanga existed in India before the beginning of 20. and has become over time is called the "Chaturraji" - a game of four kings, with figures of steel painted in 4 colors - black, red, yellow and green. Chaturanga successor has become a game shatranj (Chaturanga), which originated in Central Asia in late May - early b cc. Had two "camps" figures and a new statue, an advisor to King - Raja, played by two opponents. Goal of the game - checkmate the opponent's king. So the "game event" replaced the "mind game". In the 8-9 centuries. Shatranj spread from Middle Asia to the East and West, where he became known by its Arabic name shatranj. In shatranj (9-15 centuries) Preserved the terminology and placement of figures shatranj, but changed the look of the figures. Due to the prohibition of images of living beings of Islam, Arabs used the miniature abstract figures in the form of small cylinders and cones that make them easier to manufacture, facilitated the spread of the game. Strongest players of shatranj along with the Arabs - Al-A long and others - were natives of Central Asia - Abu Naim al-Hadeed, Al-Razi, al-Supi, al-Ladzhladzh, Abu-^-Fatah, etc. Among the patrons of the game were known to the caliphs Harun ar-Rashid, al-Amin, the ap-Mamun and al game developed slowly, since only the rook, the king and the horse went on modern rules, the same range of other figures was very limited. For example, the queen moved only one square diagonally.
Due to the abstract shapes in the game gradually ceased to be perceived by the people as a symbol of military battles and more and more associated with life's ups and downs, as reflected in the epics and treatises on the sacred game of chess (Omar Khayyam, Saadi, Nezami).
In the early medieval period shatranj penetrated into Europe - Spain, Italy, and later in England, Germany and France. In Byzantium, in Russia, Bulgaria, the game became known in about 10-12 centuries. In the Arab period and the emergence of so-connected is called the descriptive notation, which was made possible thanks to a record played.
Despite the fierce resistance of the original Muslim and then Christian church, chess equates to gambling with dice and considers them "demonic obsession, chess is gradually becoming a popular game not only among the feudal nobility, but also in the people. In the 14-15 centuries. Oriental tradition of chess in Europe have been lost, and in the 15-16 centuries. became apparent departure from them after a series of changes in the rules of moves pawns, bishop and queen. According to the evidence of archaeological excavations - games related to the movement of pieces on the board, were known in 3-4 centuries. BC. er.
The earliest form of chess - a game Chaturanga military - appeared in the first century BC. In India Chaturanga system called troops, which included chariots (Ratha), war elephant (Gajah), cavalry (Ashva) and footmen (Padati). The game symbolized the battle between four kinds of troops, led by the marshal. They were located in the corners of a 64-square board (Ashtapada), in a game attended by 4 people. The movement of figures was determined by throwing dice. Chaturanga existed in India before the beginning of 20. and has become over time is called the "Chaturraji" - a game of four kings, with figures of steel painted in 4 colors - black, red, yellow and green. Chaturanga successor has become a game shatranj (Chaturanga), which originated in Central Asia in late May - early b cc. Had two "camps" figures and a new statue, an advisor to King - Raja, played by two opponents. Goal of the game - checkmate the opponent's king. So the "game event" replaced the "mind game". In the 8-9 centuries. Shatranj spread from Middle Asia to the East and West, where he became known by its Arabic name shatranj. In shatranj (9-15 centuries) Preserved the terminology and placement of figures shatranj, but changed the look of the figures. Due to the prohibition of images of living beings of Islam, Arabs used the miniature abstract figures in the form of small cylinders and cones that make them easier to manufacture, facilitated the spread of the game. Strongest players of shatranj along with the Arabs - Al-A long and others - were natives of Central Asia - Abu Naim al-Hadeed, Al-Razi, al-Supi, al-Ladzhladzh, Abu-^-Fatah, etc. Among the patrons of the game were known to the caliphs Harun ar-Rashid, al-Amin, the ap-Mamun and al game developed slowly, since only the rook, the king and the horse went on modern rules, the same range of other figures was very limited. For example, the queen moved only one square diagonally.
Due to the abstract shapes in the game gradually ceased to be perceived by the people as a symbol of military battles and more and more associated with life's ups and downs, as reflected in the epics and treatises on the sacred game of chess (Omar Khayyam, Saadi, Nezami).
In the early medieval period shatranj penetrated into Europe - Spain, Italy, and later in England, Germany and France. In Byzantium, in Russia, Bulgaria, the game became known in about 10-12 centuries. In the Arab period and the emergence of so-connected is called the descriptive notation, which was made possible thanks to a record played.
Despite the fierce resistance of the original Muslim and then Christian church, chess equates to gambling with dice and considers them "demonic obsession, chess is gradually becoming a popular game not only among the feudal nobility, but also in the people. In the 14-15 centuries. Oriental tradition of chess in Europe have been lost, and in the 15-16 centuries. became apparent departure from them after a series of changes in the rules of moves pawns, bishop and queen. According to the evidence of archaeological excavations - games related to the movement of pieces on the board, were known in 3-4 centuries. BC. er.
The earliest form of chess - a game Chaturanga military - appeared in the first century BC. In India Chaturanga system called troops, which included chariots (Ratha), war elephant (Gajah), cavalry (Ashva) and footmen (Padati). The game symbolized the battle between four kinds of troops, led by the marshal. They were located in the corners of a 64-square board (Ashtapada), in a game attended by 4 people. The movement of figures was determined by throwing dice. Chaturanga existed in India before the beginning of 20. and has become over time is called the "Chaturraji" - a game of four kings, with figures of steel painted in 4 colors - black, red, yellow and green. Chaturanga successor has become a game shatranj (Chaturanga), which originated in Central Asia in late May - early b cc. Had two "camps" figures and a new statue, an advisor to King - Raja, played by two opponents. Goal of the game - checkmate the opponent's king. So the "game event" replaced the "mind game". In the 8-9 centuries. Shatranj spread from Middle Asia to the East and West, where he became known by its Arabic name shatranj. In shatranj (9-15 centuries) Preserved the terminology and placement of figures shatranj, but changed the look of the figures. Due to the prohibition of images of living beings of Islam, Arabs used the miniature abstract figures in the form of small cylinders and cones that make them easier to manufacture, facilitated the spread of the game. Strongest players of shatranj along with the Arabs - Al-A long and others - were natives of Central Asia - Abu Naim al-Hadeed, Al-Razi, al-Supi, al-Ladzhladzh, Abu-^-Fatah, etc. Among the patrons of the game were known to the caliphs Harun ar-Rashid, al-Amin, the ap-Mamun and al game developed slowly, since only the rook, the king and the horse went on modern rules, the same range of other figures was very limited. For example, the queen moved only one square diagonally.
Due to the abstract shapes in the game gradually ceased to be perceived by the people as a symbol of military battles and more and more associated with life's ups and downs, as reflected in the epics and treatises on the sacred game of chess (Omar Khayyam, Saadi, Nezami).
In the early medieval period shatranj penetrated into Europe - Spain, Italy, and later in England, Germany and France. In Byzantium, in Russia, Bulgaria, the game became known in about 10-12 centuries. In the Arab period and the emergence of so-connected is called the descriptive notation, which was made possible thanks to a record played.
Despite the fierce resistance of the original Muslim and then Christian church, chess equates to gambling with dice and considers them "demonic obsession, chess is gradually becoming a popular game not only among the feudal nobility, but also in the people. In the 14-15 centuries. Oriental tradition of chess in Europe have been lost, and in the 15-16 centuries. became apparent departure from them after a series of changes in the rules of moves pawns, bishop and queen. |
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